Location

Fengtai District is situated in the northern part of the North China Plain (40° north latitude). It is bordered by mountains to the northwest and is approximately 150 kilometers from the Bohai Sea to the southeast. Fengtai District is situated in the southwestern region of Beijing, adjacent to Chaoyang District to the east, Daxing District to the south, Fangshan District and Mentougou District to the west, and Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, Haidian District, and Shijingshan District to the north. The district encompasses an area of 306 square kilometers, with approximately 224 square kilometers designated as plains and 80 square kilometers designated as mountains.

Geomorphology
Fengtai District is characterized by a topographical contrast between high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. The district’s terrain is predominantly mountainous, with low hills and plateaus in the west and plains in the east, which account for three-quarters of the district’s area. The district can be divided into three main landforms:

The low mountains are distributed to the north of Yangquantou and Houfuying, covering an area of 800 hectares, of which the limestone area accounts for two-thirds. The hills are distributed in Liyuan Village and Dagou Village, which are debris-deposited hills to the north, and limestone hills to the south.

The plateau is situated to the west of the Yongding River, between the Babaoshan Fault and the Liangxiang-Qianmen Fault.

The plain with an area of 2,800 hectares is situated to the west of the Yongding River, encompassing the villages of Dongheyan, Zhangguozhuang, Changxindian, and Zhaoxindian in the eastern regions of Wangzuo Township and Changxindian Township. To the east, it borders the urban area north of the Liangshui River at an altitude of 40 meters. It is a high plain on the alluvial fan of the ancient Yongding River, covering an area of 1,400 hectares.

The low plain is situated to the east of the Yongding River, encompassing an area of 15,700 hectares. The altitude gradually decreases from 60 meters to 35 meters in a southeasterly direction, with an average slope of 1‰.

Climate
The climate is characterized by cold and dry winters due to the influence of the high-latitude inland monsoon, and hot and rainy summers due to the influence of the oceanic monsoon. It can be described as a typical warm temperate semi-humid monsoon continental climate.

Hydrology
The Yongding River flows from north to south through Shijingshan District, subsequently entering Daxing District. The river, which spans 11.3 kilometers in length, divides Fengtai District into two distinct sections: east and west. The Yongding River, alternatively known as the Yushui, Zhishui, Lugou River, Hun River, Small Yellow River, or Wuding River in historical contexts, constitutes a tributary of the Haihe River system, one of the four principal rivers designated for flood control. Due to global climate change, the Yongding River basin has experienced prolonged periods of drought and low precipitation levels since the 1970s, resulting in a persistent water shortage in the downstream area. In response to this challenge, Fengtai District has initiated a series of ecological restoration projects along river stretches since 2010, including Wanping Lake and Yuanbo Lake.